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Xunzi’s “generated human development” and Kant’s “most basic evil”
Author: Chen Yingnian (Associate Professor at the Institute of Philosophy of Huadong Science and Technology)
Source: “Zhiluo Journal” 2024 Issue 1
Abstract: The desire, knowledge, discrimination, ability, etc. “When people are born,” as “the original material”, can not only mean the original reward for goodness, but also instigate the natural tendency of human beings to behave badly. But if Xunzi is neither a good person nor a bad person, but can only hold a “middle state” sexual argument, it is likely to cause Xunzi to lose his certainty and stability. Xunzi’s logic is that people are born with certain natures, but these natures are actually good or evil. They cannot be lost because of heaven, but can only be created by man himself. If a person cannot create it, he cannot “have” his “conscience” and “independence”, that is what Xunzi calls “natural evil”, which Kant calls “the most basic evil”. As for how people “have”, on the one hand, the “decision” and “disruption” between “Russia” have become the key to survival and death. On the other hand, the “maintenance” and “restoration” of “long-term” are also serious. The former involves contact and unrestrained problems, while the latter must respect the method of the sage. Based on unrestrainedness, the Holy King’s Law will be different from the understanding of authority, power, or romantic ideas, etc., which is conducive to the modern transformation of Xunzi’s thoughts.
PeopleBao Sweetheart Network often like to talk about Xunzi’s “contact”, as if they have already grasped Xunzi’s “mistakes”. For example, when people see Xunzi on the one hand advocate “human nature is evil”, and on the other hand, they emphasize that “people who are Tu can be Yu”, which means that Xunzi’s “natural theory” must contain a certain kind of “good nature” thinking, otherwise it will not be able to explain the ability of “beauty without being favored without being favored without being profitable”. However, if we have to say that this is “self-contradiction”, it is “error”, or at most a certain kind of thinking “not understanding” or the theory is “unresolved”, then we cannot refuse to admit it. Whether it is sexual misconception, sexual good or sexual controversy, there is no difference here. This is because if a good tree naturally produces bad fruits, and the falling from good to bad is so ordinary that the silk cannot be surprising, then in order to maintain the logical nature, we cannot refuse to admit it. How can a bad tree produce good fruits? How can a bad tree rise from evil to good?Lack of guilt. As for the sexual argument, it is more irritating, and I have to answer: How can a tree produce fruit?
However, this kind of conflict makes the speaker notice the difficulty of the words, and the question of how to explain the truth is particularly provoked. In Mencius, there are famous “righteous people without nature” and “righteous people without fate” and “righteous people without fate” and “life match”. Xunzi also has a similar “similar confrontation between heaven and man”: “The eyes are white, black and beautiful, the ears are clear and clear, the mouth is sour, salty, sweet and bitter, the nose is fragrant, fishy and smelly, the bones and skin are rational, the bones and skin are rational, and there is a heaven, and there is a right person, but it is not a right person; “The method of transforming and teachings, literature is used, and the Tao is used to express the meaning of the Tao” (Xunzi, Nature is used to express the evil spirits), and there is a heaven, but the right person does not a right person [2]. Here, Mencius and Xun’s nature refers to both the nature of the infectious nature, the other is the nature of the benevolent and wise nature of the self-development, and the choices are also different. All desires are devoted to heaven, and the way of practice is responsible for human beings, but the two people are either good in nature or bad in nature. Why is this?
1. The good and evil of “original material”
What’s more irritating is that Mencius is good in nature, and Xunzi is bad in nature. This difference seems to be more suspicious now. href=”https://twsweetmeet.com/”>彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩This has something to do with the two discontinuations. One is the theory of nature goodness, which is a unique humanitarian theory. Xunzi’s theory of humanitarianism is actually “potential nature goodness” or “weak nature goodness”, etc. The other is based on the theory of nature, which Xunzi only writes or reads for some kind of study, and Xunzi actually advocates the theory of nature. The latter statement emphasizes that if good = A, then bad = -A (bad) + 0 (middle state), this 0 is the reality of Xunzi’s humanitarian theory. The previous statement emphasized that maliciousness is not an independent concept, it has no independent source, and Xunzi and even the entire Chinese tradition cannot imagine that there is a most basic evil in humanity. The intersection between the two is Xunzi’s “original material”.
In addition to the “agriculture and tyranny” in “The King’s System” and “The King’s Dominion”, “The Master’s Way” in “The Master’s Way” and “The Born” in “The Powerful Kingdom” in “The King’s System”, Xunzi’s discussion of “publicity” is mainly concentrated in “Travels” and “Natural Evil”. The former says in the division and combination of nature and evil: “Nature is the original starting material; haughty means the prospering of literature and science. If the nature is unpleasant, the nature cannot be as beautiful as one’s own beauty. If the nature is unifying, then it becomes the name of a saint, and the achievements of the whole country are accomplished.” The latter means that it is separated from nature and goodness: “The nature of the ancients was born from their own virtues, and it is separated fromInclusive of the netThey must be removed and given up. Using this view, the nature of a person is clear. Those who say that good natures are good should not beautify it without leaving their favors, and do not be profitable from their benefits. Let the value of it is good, and the mind is good, If one can see the wisdom but not the eyes, one can hear the sound but not the ears, so it is said that the eyes are bright and the ears are loud. “[3]
How can we determine the connotation of “simple” here? In Xunzi’s concept, it seems that quality, material quality, quality and quality are universal. Emotion, knowledge, material nature, etc. are all “simple”, that is, an original material that is born with, all people are similar, and naturally. Xunzi said:
If the eyes are lustful, the ears are good, the mouth is good, the heart is good, the bones and skin are good, they are all born from human emotions and nature, and they are natural and will not wait for things to be born. (Xunzi·Nature and Frank”Preserve the price)
Ordinary people have something together: they want to eat, they want to be cold but want to be hot, they want to be restless, they want to be profitable but have harm. This is what people are born and have, and it is what Yu and Jie are the same. (Xunzi·Greeting and Incest)
Xunzi has many words in this category. People can say that nature means generation, emotion means emotion and nature, and material means original material. In summary: 1. The psychological desire of human beings, biological nature, and mental emotions; 2. The intellectual and ignorant nature of human beings’ wisdom, ignorance and simplicity of nature and knowledge distinguishing talents; 3. The talents that people shape their own through the environment, etc. are all regarded as “peace”. However, there are two things to note: First, Xunzi does not have the “natural material” and “social material” that distinguishes people. All “original material” are mentioned under the conditions of “group”, so people <a The "natural" of the Internet's experience is the "natural" in "social"; secondly, Xunzi said that "nature is the nature of heaven, and it cannot be learned or done" (Xunzi·Nature Abnormality), but whether it is human desire to see, nature, knowledge discernment, or the ability to shape one's own talents through environment, it is obviously not "human affairs", that is, in terms of the most meaningful psychological function, it is also being adjusted through learning, training, etc. In this way, what is the "simple" that Xunzi is a natural person who is similar, born with, and is it that he is talking about a kind of "neutral" original material that TC:
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